Autonomic Nervous System
Showing posts with label Autonomic Nervous System. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Autonomic Nervous System. Show all posts

A football player comes into the clinic exhibiting numbness in his UE's and some difficulty and pain while taking deep breaths. He recalls having a "rough game with a lot of hard hits" the weekend before and thought that his symptoms would subside but they haven't. What region of the spinal cord would you be most likely to investigate first?

Naim 12:18

A football player comes into the clinic exhibiting numbness in his UE's and some difficulty and pain while taking deep breaths. He recalls having a "rough game with a lot of hard hits" the weekend before and thought that his symptoms would subside but they haven't. What region of the spinal cord would you be most likely to investigate first?



  • Cervical
  • Thoracic
  • Lumbar
  • Sacral



Answer: Cervical

A seven-year-old boy comes into your pediatric outpatient physical therapy clinic. He had been recently diagnosed with cerebral palsy. He often walks on his toes with a scissor gate. He has also developed scoliosis. What structure is not associated with this condition?

Naim 12:18

A seven-year-old boy comes into your pediatric outpatient physical therapy clinic. He had been recently diagnosed with cerebral palsy. He often walks on his toes with a scissor gate. He has also developed scoliosis. What structure is not associated with this condition?


A. Primary motor cortex

B. Basal ganglia

C. Medulla oblongata

D. Cerebellum

E. White matter


Answer: C. Medulla oblongata

What is the name of the pathway that projects dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the striatum that is associated with Parkinson's disease?

Naim 12:17

What is the name of the pathway that projects dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the striatum that is associated with Parkinson's disease?


A. Direct pathway

B. Nigrostriatal pathway

C. VTA pathway

D. Indirect pathway


Answer: B. Nigrostriatal pathway

A 46 year old patient comes into your clinic. He was just recently diagnosed with ALS. He presents symptoms of muscle weakness in both upper and lower limbs, and with spasticity predominantly in his right arm. Which of the following is the most likely to be affected in this patient?

Naim 12:17

A 46 year old patient comes into your clinic. He was just recently diagnosed with ALS. He presents symptoms of muscle weakness in both upper and lower limbs, and with spasticity predominantly in his right arm. Which of the following is the most likely to be affected in this patient?


A) Amygdala
B) Lower Motor Neurons
C) Hypothalamus
D) Upper Motor Neurons


Answer: D) Upper Motor Neurons

Kate, a 5-year old female, have recently been diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy. Upon going over chart you notice that her MRI result show some abnormalities in her Cerebellum. She is very unsteady when she walks and have a hard time with movements that need a lot of control such as, writing. Based on the information provided, what type of Cerebral Palsy does Kate have?

Naim 12:17

Kate, a 5-year old female, have recently been diagnosed with Cerebral Palsy. Upon going over chart you notice that her MRI result show some abnormalities in her Cerebellum. She is very unsteady when she walks and have a hard time with movements that need a lot of control such as, writing. Based on the information provided, what type of Cerebral Palsy does Kate have?



  • Spastic
  • Ataxic
  • Dyskinetic
  • Mixed



Answer: Ataxic

A 40 year old male comes into your neuro clinic, complaining of recent falls in the past two weeks. As you evaluate your client, you notice that there is a conflict between visual and vestibular inputs. The client presents with pressing one arm down and pushing themselves to the other side, causing a tilted posture in sitting and standing. What disorder are they presenting with?

Naim 12:16

A 40 year old male comes into your neuro clinic, complaining of recent falls in the past two weeks. As you evaluate your client, you notice that there is a conflict between visual and vestibular inputs. The client presents with pressing one arm down and pushing themselves to the other side, causing a tilted posture in sitting and standing. What disorder are they presenting with?



  • Pusher's syndrome
  • Epilepsy
  • Dystonia
  • Spinal Cord Injury



Answer: Pusher's syndrome

Choose the best definition of depression from the options listed below.

Naim 12:16

Choose the best definition of depression from the options listed below.


A. Feeling blue or sad for the day

B. A mood disorder that does not affect how you think, feel and function

C. A serious depressive mood disorder that causes severe symptoms that affects how you think feel, think and function and that lasts for at least 2 weeks

D. A mild depressive mood disorder that makes you feel sad


Answer: C. A serious depressive mood disorder that causes severe symptoms that affects how you think feel, think and function and that lasts for at least 2 weeks

Which of the following abnormalities is NOT characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

Naim 12:16

Which of the following abnormalities is NOT characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?


A. Shrinking of cerebral cortex

B. Disintegration of microtubules by toxic beta-amyloid proteins

C. Enlargement of ventricles

D. Death of neuron cells and synapses


Answer: B. Disintegration of microtubules by toxic beta-amyloid proteins

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease. Compared to healthy controls, an individual with MS has which of the following?

Naim 12:15

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease. Compared to healthy controls, an individual with MS has which of the following?




A. Decreased regulatory T cell function in the peripheral blood
B. Increased numbers of activated T cells passing into the brain
C. Decreased numbers of helper T cells in the spinal cord
D. Both A & B


Answer: D. Both A & B

A 54 year old male came for his yearly physical and has complained of recently having a difficult time reaching for the telephone when it rings and even picking up the telephone once he is able to reach it. He has no prior history of this sort of weakness so you ask him if anyone in his family also experienced this sort of trouble as they began to age. He explains to you that his father did start to have a hard time performing tasks and movements with his extremities and eventually had a very difficult time speaking, breathing, and eating. You think you have an idea of what disease this man could have been inherited and genetic testing is done showing an autosomal dominant genetic mutation. What is the most likely result?

Naim 12:15

A 54 year old male came for his yearly physical and has complained of recently having a difficult time reaching for the telephone when it rings and even picking up the telephone once he is able to reach it. He has no prior history of this sort of weakness so you ask him if anyone in his family also experienced this sort of trouble as they began to age. He explains to you that his father did start to have a hard time performing tasks and movements with his extremities and eventually had a very difficult time speaking, breathing, and eating. You think you have an idea of what disease this man could have been inherited and genetic testing is done showing an autosomal dominant genetic mutation. What is the most likely result?


A: Sporadic ALS
B: Primary Lateral Sclerosis
C: Familal ALS
D: Post-polio Syndrome


Answer: C: Familal ALS

What are some of the most common symptoms associated with Schizophrenia?

Naim 12:15

What are some of the most common symptoms associated with Schizophrenia?


A. Numbness/tingling in the lower extremities

B. Burred vision & trouble concentrating

C. Hallucinations, Delusions, & disorganized thinking/speech

D. Loss of balance & dizziness


Answer: C. Hallucinations, Delusions, & disorganized thinking/speech
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