What causes the pumping action (influx and outflux of water containing nutrients and waste) of the intervertebral discs in adults?
A. blood supply
B. body motion
C. neural activity
D. both A and B
E. all of the above
Answer: B. body motion
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Biomechanics
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- A 54-year-old male construction worker has had low back pain for about two months. He has had previous episodes of low back pain. Now, the pain is more intense than it was on prior episodes and seems to be getting worse rather than improving over time. He does remember lifting very heavy steel beams and the pain is now unbearable. He complains of numbness in both legs and across his buttocks. He is embarrassed to report that he was incontinent of urine and stool this morning. You should plan on:
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