A 59-year- old woman has been told by her orthopedist that the preferred treatment for her debilitating pain in both knees is knee replacement surgery. She agrees to have the surgery in one month when she will have time for rehabilitation. In the interim, the physician prescribes a medication for pain relief and to reduce inflammation. The woman is otherwise healthy, takes no medication, and has no known drug allergies. The physician decides on a nonsteroidal anti- inflammatory drug that has a high affinity for cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and no affinity for COX-1. Compared to other NSAIDs, this drug is less likely to cause:

A 59-year- old woman has been told by her orthopedist that the preferred treatment for her debilitating pain in both knees is knee replacement surgery....

A 69-year-old male presents to your office complaining of pain in his neck that extends bilaterally over his shoulders. He also complains of an aching sensation in both of his arms and loss of fine motor control of his hands. This has been progressing over the past six months. He worked in construction and had multiple small neck injuries during college wrestling and football. His overall health is quite good. On X-rays studies of his cervical spine you would expect to find?

A 69-year-old male presents to your office complaining of pain in his neck that extends bilaterally over his shoulders. He also complains of an aching...

In the most classical presentation of a herniated L4-L5 lateral disk herniation, the most common reflex change present is:

In the most classical presentation of a herniated L4-L5 lateral disk herniation, the most common reflex change present is: A. No reflex change at...

A 54-year-old male construction worker has had low back pain for about two months. He has had previous episodes of low back pain. Now, the pain is more intense than it was on prior episodes and seems to be getting worse rather than improving over time. He does remember lifting very heavy steel beams and the pain is now unbearable. He complains of numbness in both legs and across his buttocks. He is embarrassed to report that he was incontinent of urine and stool this morning. You should plan on:

A 54-year-old male construction worker has had low back pain for about two months. He has had previous episodes of low back pain. Now, the pain is more...

A 25-year-old female medical student comes to your office asking for an MRI of her neck to confirm her suspicion that she has a herniated cervical disc. On exam, her triceps reflex is absent, and she has weakness of elbow extension and numbness on her long finger. You both expect the MRI to reveal a disc herniation at:

A 25-year-old female medical student comes to your office asking for an MRI of her neck to confirm her suspicion that she has a herniated cervical disc....

A 57-year-old physician presents to his doctor complaining of neck pain that radiates down the lateral aspect of his right arm. He also complains of numbness in his right thumb with weakness on resisted thumb extension. You suspect a herniated disc compression which nerve root?

A 57-year-old physician presents to his doctor complaining of neck pain that radiates down the lateral aspect of his right arm. He also complains of...

A 54-year-old male construction worker has had low back pain for about two months. He has had previous episodes of low back pain. Now, the pain is more intense than it was on prior episodes and seems to be getting worse rather than improving over time. He does remember lifting very heavy steel beams and the pain is now unbearable. He complains of numbness in both legs and across his buttocks. He is embarrassed to report that he was incontinent of urine and stool this morning. You should plan on:

A 54-year-old male construction worker has had low back pain for about two months. He has had previous episodes of low back pain. Now, the pain is more...

A 35-year-old male presents to your office with complaints of back pain and some weakness in his left leg. It has been present for a few weeks and the back and leg pains have been increasing in intensity. You are concerned about a herniated lumbar disc. His left ankle jerk reflex (achilles tendon reflex) is absent and you find numbness on the lateral aspect of the lower leg and sole of his left foot. This is most commonly caused by a:

A 35-year-old male presents to your office with complaints of back pain and some weakness in his left leg. It has been present for a few weeks and the...

A 35-year-old male presents to your office with complaints of back pain and some weakness in his left leg. It has been present for a few weeks and the back and leg pains have been increasing in intensity. You are concerned about a herniated lumbar disc. His left ankle jerk reflex (achilles tendon reflex) is absent and you find numbness on the lateral aspect of the lower leg and sole of his left foot. These findings are typical of compression of:

A 35-year-old male presents to your office with complaints of back pain and some weakness in his left leg. It has been present for a few weeks and the...

A 25-year-old medical student comes to your office asking for an MRI of her neck to confirm her suspicion that she has a cervical disc herniation. On exam, her triceps reflex is absent. She has weakness of elbow extension and numbness on her long finger. You expect the MRI to reveal a disc herniation at at which of the following levels?

A 25-year-old medical student comes to your office asking for an MRI of her neck to confirm her suspicion that she has a cervical disc herniation. On...

A patient sustained a cervical sprain/strain (somatic dysfunction) secondary to trauma. She complains of non radiating neck pain in absence of shoulder pain. Given this scenerio, which of the following signs/symptoms would more likely be present than any other?

A patient sustained a cervical sprain/strain (somatic dysfunction) secondary to trauma. She complains of non radiating neck pain in absence of shoulder...

What is the treatment for pseudoaddiction?

What is the treatment for pseudoaddiction? A. Discharge your patient from the practice secondary to drug seeking behavior B. The patient has demonstrated...

Which is the most specific of the urine drug tests?

Which is the most specific of the urine drug tests? A. Immunoassay drug panels B. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry C. Hair test D. Breath test E....

What are the 4 A's for pain management?

What are the 4 A's for pain management? A. Analgesia, Activities of daily living, Adverse events and Aberrant drug-taking behaviors B. Alcoholism,...

Which of the following are side effects from chronic opioid use?

Which of the following are side effects from chronic opioid use? A. Fatigue and decreased libido from low levels of testosterone and DHEA B. Diarrhea...

A 42-year-old nurse presents to the office to see if OMM can be helpful for her long-standing foot pain. The patient had sustained her foot injury five years prior when a car ran over her foot while trying to cross the street. She sustained multiple fractures at that time and the injury healed subsequent to multiple surgeries. There is no back pain and no pain in the legs. She is currently on morphine 60mg every twelve hours. Physical examination reveals relatively normal lumbar range of motion, normal straight leg raise, and reveals normal muscle tone, strength and sensation throughout both lower extremities. The foot and ankle are painful to touch on the surface. There is decreased range of motion of the ankle with erythema and skin dystrophic/atrophic changes. Which of the following pain management approaches is indicated:

A 42-year-old nurse presents to the office to see if OMM can be helpful for her long-standing foot pain. The patient had sustained her foot injury five...

A 40-year-old male presents with a one-week history of low back pain without radiation. The symptoms started after he was carrying some luggage. There is no tingling, numbness in the legs, nor any reported weakness. There is minimal spasm in the paravertebral muscles in the lumbo-sacral spine, straight leg raising test is negative and the neurological examination is normal. There are somatic dysfunctions in form of neutral dysfunctions L1-L5 NSleftRright. Which of the following statements is most appropriate?

A 40-year-old male presents with a one-week history of low back pain without radiation. The symptoms started after he was carrying some luggage. There...

Which of the following is correct about the various pain types?

Which of the following is correct about the various pain types? A. A viscero-somatic reflex is an example of nociceptive pain B. Neuropathic pain...

A 64-year-old school superintendent with known rheumatoid arthritis presents to the office with a recurrent episode of significant hand and wrist pain after having been virtually pain-free for about eight months on DMARD therapy as closely monitored by her rheumatologist. She questions the doctor as to how it could be that she has these painful chronic-recurrent flare-ups alternating with pain-free periods, all the while it seems that the "arthritis is getting better" with the medications. What would be the best explanation, based on the article by D. Marcus: "Treatment of Nonmalignant Chronic Pain?"

A 64-year-old school superintendent with known rheumatoid arthritis presents to the office with a recurrent episode of significant hand and wrist pain...

A 56-year-old female with a known history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis maintained on etanercept injections presents complaining of right knee pain and swelling for two days. She has been in good health otherwise and denies fevers and chills. She reports stiffness in the right knee that lasts for longer than 1 hour. Her other joints are doing well. You perform an arthrocentesis and remove 30cc of clear fluid. You send the sample to the lab, and 24 hours later no organisms are seen. The patient follows up later that day. The best course of management for this patient is:

A 56-year-old female with a known history of seropositive rheumatoid arthritis maintained on etanercept injections presents complaining of right knee...

A 64-year-old woman diagnosed with gout has been taking chronic treatment for over one year. The prescribed medication enhances the excretion of uric acid. Her physician cautions her to contact him before starting any prescription or nonprescription medication. The antigout medication and many other drugs can compete for tubular transport. Examples include aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, loop and thiazide diuretics, certain anti-infective medications, and certain diabetes drugs. The chronic antigout medication prescribed for this patient is most likely:

A 64-year-old woman diagnosed with gout has been taking chronic treatment for over one year. The prescribed medication enhances the excretion of uric...

A 57-year-old man with chronic gout is given a prescription for a uricosuric agent. He is cautioned to avoid aspirin, NSAIDs, and other drugs that are secreted into the proximal tubule. The mechanism of action of the anti-gout medication is most likely direct inhibition of:

A 57-year-old man with chronic gout is given a prescription for a uricosuric agent. He is cautioned to avoid aspirin, NSAIDs, and other drugs that are...

A patient with a history of hyperuricemia and three gouty flares in the past six months is placed on an anti-gout regimen that includes a drug to prevent gouty flare. He is cautioned that nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea are early signs of drug toxicity; if these symptoms occur, he should stop taking the drug and call the office. The drug produces its action by binding to:

A patient with a history of hyperuricemia and three gouty flares in the past six months is placed on an anti-gout regimen that includes a drug to prevent...

A 45-year-old patient with a history of HIV/AIDS and mildly impaired renal function presents with signs/symptoms of acute gouty arthritis. His antiretroviral regimen includes a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4. Which one of the following medications is effective in the treatment of the pain and inflammation of acute gouty flare but contraindicated in this patient?

A 45-year-old patient with a history of HIV/AIDS and mildly impaired renal function presents with signs/symptoms of acute gouty arthritis. His antiretroviral...

A patient with a history of hyperuricemia and three gouty flares in the past six months is placed on hypouricemic therapy. He is also prescribed a concomitant oral drug for prophylaxis of gouty flare. The second drug interferes with microtubule and spindle formation but its anti-gout actions are not well defined. One of this drug's early signs/symptoms of toxicity is:

A patient with a history of hyperuricemia and three gouty flares in the past six months is placed on hypouricemic therapy. He is also prescribed a concomitant...

By decreasing uric acid synthesis, allopurinol causes feedback inhibition of:

By decreasing uric acid synthesis, allopurinol causes feedback inhibition of: A. Cytokine synthesis B. Folate synthesis C. Prostaglandin synthesis D....

A 68-year-old obese African-American woman with severe polyarticular chronic gout with tophi and urate nephrolithiasis refractory to oral anti-gout therapy discusses therapeutic options with her rheumatologist. Intravenous pegylated recombinant uric acid oxidase (uricase) may cause hemolysis and methemoglobinemia in this patient and the drug is contraindicated in her case because she has the X-linked recessive genetic disease:

A 68-year-old obese African-American woman with severe polyarticular chronic gout with tophi and urate nephrolithiasis refractory to oral anti-gout...

The above-referenced patient, HK, returns now to the family practice clinic for a follow-up visit. The pain and inflammation from the gout flare has resolved and he is taking the ß-tubulin inhibitor twice daily prophylactically and tolerating it well. Clinical laboratory results are consistent with hyperuricemia > 9 mg/dL and overproduction of uric acid. Creatinine clearance is within the normal range; uric acid stones are present. The doctor prescribes an oral medication that reduces serum urate levels in overproducers and is an appropriate drug for urate stone formers. The direct mechanism of action of this drug is most likely:

The above-referenced patient, HK, returns now to the family practice clinic for a follow-up visit. The pain and inflammation from the gout flare has...

HK is a 64-year-old man with a history of hypertension and gout who presents to the family practice clinic with complaint of 48 hours of acute pain in his right elbow. He has taken indomethacin without relief. He denies trauma, but admits to drinking "more than I should" on a trip to Atlantic City during the previous weekend. He has had 3 gout flares in the past year that were relieved by indomethacin. The diagnosis of gout has been previously confirmed by aspiration and crystal examination. Chart review shows that HK's renal function is within normal limits. To control the acute pain, the doctor prescribes an oral medication that acts by inhibiting ß-tubulin polymerization thus interfering with microtubule formation. The doctor cautions the patient not to take any other medication or herbal products without checking with doctor because the prescribed drug is a substrate of:

HK is a 64-year-old man with a history of hypertension and gout who presents to the family practice clinic with complaint of 48 hours of acute pain...

A 64-year-old woman diagnosed with gout has been taking chronic treatment for over one year. The prescribed medication enhances the excretion of uric acid. Her physician cautions her to contact him before starting any prescription or nonprescription medication. The antigout medication and many other drugs can compete for tubular transport. Examples include aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, loop and thiazide diuretics, certain anti-infective medications, and certain diabetes drugs. The chronic antigout medication prescribed for this patient is most likely:

A 64-year-old woman diagnosed with gout has been taking chronic treatment for over one year. The prescribed medication enhances the excretion of uric...

A 55-year-old female with a history of lung cancer, protein C deficiency, currently on hormone replacement therapy for post menopausal symptoms, presents with bilateral lower extremity swelling after a prolonged plane ride from Asia. She reports that the swelling decreases when she elevates her legs at night when she goes to sleep. Which of the following would indicate a decreased risk for thrombosis?

A 55-year-old female with a history of lung cancer, protein C deficiency, currently on hormone replacement therapy for post menopausal symptoms, presents...

Which of the following correctly pairs the technique and its action on lymphatic drainage?

Which of the following correctly pairs the technique and its action on lymphatic drainage? A. Doming the diaphragm - increases pressure gradient changes...

A 25-year-old woman presents with increased swelling and pain of her left ankle after tripping and spraining her ankle 2 days ago. Which one of the following techniques would most directly help to remove obstruction of lymph drainage from her left ankle?

A 25-year-old woman presents with increased swelling and pain of her left ankle after tripping and spraining her ankle 2 days ago. Which one of the...

A 50-year-old woman status post a small bowel resection 5 days ago is hospitalized and bed bound and complains of pain and increased swelling in both her legs. Which of the following factors is most likely contributing to her leg swelling?

A 50-year-old woman status post a small bowel resection 5 days ago is hospitalized and bed bound and complains of pain and increased swelling in both...

A 35-year-old male patient presents with the chief complaints of a sore throat and left nasal congestion he has had for three days as well as moderately painful swelling of his right knee after twisting it while jogging one week ago. If somatic dysfunction were present, treatment of which of the following regions would most likely benefit both his complaints?

A 35-year-old male patient presents with the chief complaints of a sore throat and left nasal congestion he has had for three days as well as moderately...

Which of the following is the most accurate description regarding lymphatic fluid formation?

Which of the following is the most accurate description regarding lymphatic fluid formation? A. Lymph formation continues to increase as the interstitial...

A 34-year-old female presents to your office with right ankle pain after spraining her ankle 3 days ago. She complains of increased swelling and pain in the region. An x-ray was taken on the day she sprained her ankle and was negative for any fractures. She denies any other past medical history or taking any other medication other than ibuprofen prescribed in the emergency room. You perform an osteopathic structural exam and find the following: C3-5 flexed, rotated and sidebent left, a right 1st rib inhalation dysfunction, T2-6 neutral, sidebent right and rotated left, and a right posterior fibular head. You decide to treat the patient with OMT. Which of the following statements is true?

A 34-year-old female presents to your office with right ankle pain after spraining her ankle 3 days ago. She complains of increased swelling and pain...

A 24-year-old female presents to the office with complaints of bilateral lower extremity swelling that has been on and off for the past two years. She denies any leg pains or any other symptoms. Her vital signs are as follows: BP: 118/85 mm Hg, HR: 60 bmp, RR: 18 bmp, Temp: 98.8°F, BMI: 21. On osteopathic structural exam you note suboccipital muscle spasms, ribs 1-4 inhalation dysfunction on the left, and increased left anterior diaphragm motion restriction. Which of the following techniques would you perform first in order to address this patient's edema?

A 24-year-old female presents to the office with complaints of bilateral lower extremity swelling that has been on and off for the past two years. She...

A 42-year-old woman with chronic lower back pain had fallen off a horse and broken her right tibia at age 16, causing her right tibia to be shorter than her left tibia. You also diagnose side bending and rotation changes in her lumbar spine, with a radiologically-documented sacral base unleveling of ½ inch. Your patient agrees to try heel lift therapy. How much of a heel lift does she need, and on which side?

A 42-year-old woman with chronic lower back pain had fallen off a horse and broken her right tibia at age 16, causing her right tibia to be shorter...

You are evaluating your 27-year-old male patient who presented to your office with a complaint of lower back pain, and you have completed your history. You are performing your physical and osteopathic structural examination, and as you ask your standing patient to bend one knee at a time, allowing the ipsilateral innominate to drop inferiorly (or lower), you find an asymmetry of motion between the sides. He can easily bend his right knee, allowing his right innominate to lower. However, when you ask him to bend his left knee, he has limited motion, and the innominate does not lower very much. What is the name of this particular test, and what other anatomical region are you assessing with this test?

You are evaluating your 27-year-old male patient who presented to your office with a complaint of lower back pain, and you have completed your history....

A 35-year-old man with chronic lower back pain has leg length inequality that began to appear around age 10, and resulted in his right femur being shorter than his left femur. You also diagnose side bending and rotation changes in his lumbar spine, with a radiologically-documented sacral base unleveling of ¾ inch. Your patient agrees to try heel lift therapy. How much of a heel lift does he need, and on which side?

A 35-year-old man with chronic lower back pain has leg length inequality that began to appear around age 10, and resulted in his right femur being shorter...

A patient has radiologically documented lumbar vertebral degenerative changes, including wedging, facet hypertrophy, and spurring. According to David Heilig's formula for determining heel lift therapy, what is the name of the category for the described findings and what number would be assigned for the particular findings described?

A patient has radiologically documented lumbar vertebral degenerative changes, including wedging, facet hypertrophy, and spurring. According to David...

A 40-year-old woman with chronic lower back pain had fallen off a ladder and broken her left tibia at age 15. Her left tibia healed, such that it was longer than her right tibia. You also diagnose side bending and rotation changes in her lumbar spine, with a radiologically-documented sacral base unleveling of ¾inch. Your patient agrees to try heel lift therapy. How much of a heel lift does she need, and on which side?

A 40-year-old woman with chronic lower back pain had fallen off a ladder and broken her left tibia at age 15. Her left tibia healed, such that it was...

You are evaluating your 52-year-old female patient who presented to your office with a complaint of lower back pain. You have completed your history and are performing your physical and osteopathic structural examination. As you ask your standing patient to bend one knee at a time, allowing the ipsilateral innominate to drop inferiorly (or lower), you find an asymmetry of motion between the sides. She can easily bend her left knee, allowing her left innominate to lower. However, when you ask her to bend her right knee, she has limited motion, and the innominate does not lower very much. The special test results described would lead you to which of the following physical examination assessments for this patient?

You are evaluating your 52-year-old female patient who presented to your office with a complaint of lower back pain. You have completed your history...

A 19-year-old man with chronic lower back pain has leg length inequality that began to appear around age 11 and resulted in his right femur being shorter than his left femur. You also diagnose side bending and rotation changes in his lumbar spine, with a radiologically-documented sacral base unleveling of ½inch. Your patient agrees to try heel lift therapy. How much of a heel lift does he need, and on which side?

A 19-year-old man with chronic lower back pain has leg length inequality that began to appear around age 11 and resulted in his right femur being shorter...

A patient is referred to you for electrodiagnostic testing with complaints of back pain. When should testing be performed?

A patient is referred to you for electrodiagnostic testing with complaints of back pain. When should testing be performed? A. As soon as possible B....

Your patient had an axonal injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow. What would be the first muscle to show reinnervation?

Your patient had an axonal injury to the ulnar nerve at the elbow. What would be the first muscle to show reinnervation? A. Triceps B. Flexor carpi...

Nerve conduction studies can assess for abnormality of which of the following:

Nerve conduction studies can assess for abnormality of which of the following: A. Parasympathetic nerves B. Motor nerves C. Sympathetic nerves D....

Which type of nerve injury has the worst prognosis?

Which type of nerve injury has the worst prognosis? A. Neurapraxia B. Demyelination C. Axonotmesis D. Neurotmesis E. Gliosis Answer:...

Neurapraxia indicates injury to which of the following structures?

Neurapraxia indicates injury to which of the following structures? A. Axon B. Myelin C. Cell body D. Neuromuscular junction E. Dendrite Answer:...

Which of the following is a contraindication to needle EMG?

Which of the following is a contraindication to needle EMG? A. Mastectomy B. Joint replacement C. Patient on coumadin D. Pediatric patient E. Cellulitis...

You suspect that your patient has an axonal injury to the nerve in his leg. You perform a nerve conduction study. You would expect to see a change with which aspect of the nerve conduction study?

You suspect that your patient has an axonal injury to the nerve in his leg. You perform a nerve conduction study. You would expect to see a change with...

Which of the following conditions would most likely result in a normal EMG/NCS test?

Which of the following conditions would most likely result in a normal EMG/NCS test? A. Fibromyalgia B. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) C. Peripheral...

Which of the following patients would be most appropriate for EMG/NCS testing?

Which of the following patients would be most appropriate for EMG/NCS testing? A. A patient with a six month history of paresthesia in the hands and...

A contraindication to EMG testing would be:

A contraindication to EMG testing would be: A. A prosthetic valve B. Anticoagulation C. Cellulitis D. HIV E. Mastectomy Answer:...

Which of the following would likely result in a negative EMG test?

Which of the following would likely result in a negative EMG test? A. Botulism B. Cervical radiculopathy C. Critical illness neuropathy D. Osteoporosis E....

A 60-year-old male presents to your office with low back pain after doing some gardening. The pain is localized to the right paraspinal muscle and does not radiate down the right leg. There is no incontinence and reflexes are normal. There is localized spasm of the right lumbosacral paraspinal muscles. MRI shows a mild right S1 disc bulge. The most likely reason for his back pain is:

A 60-year-old male presents to your office with low back pain after doing some gardening. The pain is localized to the right paraspinal muscle and does...

A student celebrates a successful examination by imbibing too much. The student passes out with the arm slung over the back of a couch and in the morning, notes an inability to extend the wrist. The most likely reason is:

A student celebrates a successful examination by imbibing too much. The student passes out with the arm slung over the back of a couch and in the morning,...

Which of the following has the poorest prognosis of nerve recovery as substantiated by electrodiagnostic studies?

Which of the following has the poorest prognosis of nerve recovery as substantiated by electrodiagnostic studies? A. Axonotmesis B. Conduction block C....

A 25-year-old press-operator sustained a crush injury to his left hand and was referred by the emergency physician directly for electrodiagnostic testing. There is no fracture upon the initial CT-scan performed in the Emergency Department, but the patient reports reduced sensation in the thumb, and digits two and three. The pain is getting worse but he is able to "shake it out," on occasion. Which of the following findings would you expect on the EMG/NCS test that was performed the following day?

A 25-year-old press-operator sustained a crush injury to his left hand and was referred by the emergency physician directly for electrodiagnostic testing....

A person has been bitten by a venomous snake in his lower leg and is transported by helicopter to the regional trauma center. The doctors suspect a lower leg compartment syndrome. Which of the following finding would you expect to be present upon examination?

A person has been bitten by a venomous snake in his lower leg and is transported by helicopter to the regional trauma center. The doctors suspect a...

A 25-year-old medical student sustained a mid-shaft fracture of his tibia after falling from his motorcycle. He has sustained skin abrasions but there is no evidence of an open fracture. He begins to complain of increasing pains in his leg with passive flexion of his first toe, weakness on attempted active dorsiflexion of his ankle and numbness in the dorsal part of the first web space. You suspect which of the following:

A 25-year-old medical student sustained a mid-shaft fracture of his tibia after falling from his motorcycle. He has sustained skin abrasions but there...

The medial and lateral menisci serve an important function by:

The medial and lateral menisci serve an important function by: A. Transferring forces from the femur to the tibia B. Providing nutrition to articular...

Comminuted, subtrochanteric femur fracture in young adults is most often seen in association with:

Comminuted, subtrochanteric femur fracture in young adults is most often seen in association with: A. Mild osteoporosis B. Metastatic tumors that...

Which of the following clinical situations commonly leads to serious thromboembolic disease?

Which of the following clinical situations commonly leads to serious thromboembolic disease? A. Compression of the great saphenous vein in the lower...

Displaced intracapsular hip fractures are usually treated with femoral head replacement surgery (prosthetic hip) because:

Displaced intracapsular hip fractures are usually treated with femoral head replacement surgery (prosthetic hip) because: A. Complexity of fracture...

A 65-year-old female has undergone hip replacement surgery. She is a smoker and is obese. Her progress in postoperative physical therapy is poor. The team gets her to sit out of bed on the third post operative day but she begins to complain of difficulty breathing. Her pulse and respiratory rates are elevated. In your different diagnosis for her findings, the most urgent to address would be:

A 65-year-old female has undergone hip replacement surgery. She is a smoker and is obese. Her progress in postoperative physical therapy is poor. The...

A 21-year-old female has been treated for a fracture of the right tibial shaft. The fracture was treated by fixation with an internally placed stainless steel rod. Four hours after the surgery, the patient complains to you of severe pain in her leg that was not controlled by large doses of pain medicine. On physical exam, you find that she has increased pain with passive flexion of her great toe. The lower leg is extremely swollen and she has profound numbness in the first web space of her foot. You suspect an acute compartment syndrome in which of the following compartments?

A 21-year-old female has been treated for a fracture of the right tibial shaft. The fracture was treated by fixation with an internally placed stainless...

On gait analysis, you notice your patient forcibly shifts her weight laterally to allow her leg to pass forward in swing phase. She has a history of poliomyelitis. She also has a positive Trendelenberg sign. Which of her muscles would you expect to be significantly weak?

On gait analysis, you notice your patient forcibly shifts her weight laterally to allow her leg to pass forward in swing phase. She has a history of...

As you watch a patient walk, you notice that he has difficulty moving his right foot from foot flat to toe-off. He seems to be dragging his foot at this phase. You ask him to stand on his toes, but he cannot do this with his right foot. On muscle strength testing, which of the following muscle would you expect to be weak?

As you watch a patient walk, you notice that he has difficulty moving his right foot from foot flat to toe-off. He seems to be dragging his foot at...

When a patient has a foot drop, he walks with a high, steppage gait. The muscles of which compartment of the leg are malfunctioning?

When a patient has a foot drop, he walks with a high, steppage gait. The muscles of which compartment of the leg are malfunctioning? A. Adductor compartment B....

In which of the following orthopedic conditions is definitive care considered a true emergency?

In which of the following orthopedic conditions is definitive care considered a true emergency? A. Adult fracture of the hip B. Anterior cruciate...

A 65-year-old female has undergone hip replacement surgery. She is a smoker and is obese. Her progress in postoperative physical therapy is poor. The team gets her to sit out of bed on the third post operative day but she begins to complain of difficulty breathing. Her pulse and respiratory rates are elevated. In your different diagnosis for her findings, the most urgent to address would be:

A 65-year-old female has undergone hip replacement surgery. She is a smoker and is obese. Her progress in postoperative physical therapy is poor. The...

The majority of ankle fractures occurs with which of the following mechanisms?

The majority of ankle fractures occurs with which of the following mechanisms? A. Axial compression B. Pronation and abduction C. Pronation and external...

Which of the following statements about the "screw home" mechanism is true?

Which of the following statements about the "screw home" mechanism is true? A. Hamstring muscle contraction leads to knee extension B. Pes anserine...

The "screw home" mechanism involves:

The "screw home" mechanism involves: A. Hamstring muscle contracting, leading to knee extension B. Plantaris muscle contraction initiates the knee...

Which of the following statements about the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is true?

Which of the following statements about the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is true? A. A varus stress to the medial side of the knee tears the ACL...

At the apex of the trajectory of a projectile, vertical velocity is at its maximum.

At the apex of the trajectory of a projectile, vertical velocity is at its maximum.  true false Answer: fal...

Toddlers exhibit more kinematic variability than adults during walking.

Toddlers exhibit more kinematic variability than adults during walking.  true false Answer: tr...

If air resistance is disregarded, the horizontal component of a projectile is constant.

If air resistance is disregarded, the horizontal component of a projectile is constant.  true false Answer: tr...

The vertical acceleration graph of a ball tossed into the air will follow a parabolic path.

The vertical acceleration graph of a ball tossed into the air will follow a parabolic path.  true false Answer: tr...

Although elite sprinters display improved kinematics over non-elite sprinters, elite 1500-m runners do not display distinguishable kinematic differences over other skilled runners.

Although elite sprinters display improved kinematics over non-elite sprinters, elite 1500-m runners do not display distinguishable kinematic differences...

The form, pattern, or sequencing of movement with respect to time defines __________.

The form, pattern, or sequencing of movement with respect to time defines __________. Answer: kinemati...

In the absence of air resistance, the horizontal acceleration of a projectile is always equal to _________.

In the absence of air resistance, the horizontal acceleration of a projectile is always equal to _________. Answer: ...

The highest point in the trajectory of a projectile is the ___________________.

The highest point in the trajectory of a projectile is the ___________________. Answer: ap...

A _________ is a body in free fall subject only to the forces of _______ and ____________.

A _________ is a body in free fall subject only to the forces of _______ and ____________. Answer: projectile, gravity, air resistan...

When acceleration is 0, velocity is _________.

When acceleration is 0, velocity is _________. Answer: consta...

In the formula v2 = v1, what is known about acceleration?

In the formula v2 = v1, what is known about acceleration?  A. acceleration = -9.81 m/s2 B. acceleration = 0 C. both A and B D. need more information Answer: B....

The laws of constant acceleration can be applied to which of the following?

The laws of constant acceleration can be applied to which of the following?  A. horizontal component of projectile motion B. vertical component...

Which of the following represents horizontal acceleration of a projectile?

Which of the following represents horizontal acceleration of a projectile?  A. -9.81 m/s2 B. -9.81 m/s C. 0 m/s2 D. 0 m/s Answer: C. 0...

Which of the following represents vertical acceleration of a projectile?

Which of the following represents vertical acceleration of a projectile?  A. -9.81 m/s2 B. -9.81 m/s C. 0 m/s2 D. 0 m/s Answer: A. -9.81...

Why do elite long jumpers have take-off angles far less than the optimal 45°?

Why do elite long jumpers have take-off angles far less than the optimal 45°?  A. take-off velocity is higher during lower take-off angles B....

The shape of a projectile's trajectory is influenced by which of the following?

The shape of a projectile's trajectory is influenced by which of the following?  A. angle of projection B. air resistance C. speed of projection D....

Neglecting the effect of air resistance, which of the following is/are true regarding the horizontal component of projectile velocity?

Neglecting the effect of air resistance, which of the following is/are true regarding the horizontal component of projectile velocity?  A. remains...

Which of the following is/are true regarding the apex in the trajectory of a projectile?

Which of the following is/are true regarding the apex in the trajectory of a projectile?  A. it is the highest point in the flight B. vertical...

Which of the following components of projectile is affected by gravity?

Which of the following components of projectile is affected by gravity?  A. vertical component B. horizontal component C. both A and B D. depends...

The negative sign in front of the acceleration due to gravity (-9.81 m/s2) can mean which of the following?

The negative sign in front of the acceleration due to gravity (-9.81 m/s2) can mean which of the following?  A. the projectile is traveling down...

What quantity is calculated as the inverse of speed?

What quantity is calculated as the inverse of speed?  A. velocity B. acceleration C. pace D. none of the above Answer: C. pa...

Why does running downhill tend to increase running speed?

Why does running downhill tend to increase running speed?  A. increased stride length B. increased stride frequency C. both A and B D. none of...

What factor(s) distinguishes elite cross-country skiers from non-elite performers?

What factor(s) distinguishes elite cross-country skiers from non-elite performers?  A. stride or cycle length B. stride or cycle frequency C....

The meter is the unit of measurement for which of the following?

The meter is the unit of measurement for which of the following?  A. distance B. displacement C. speed D. both A and B E. all of the above Answer: D....

Which of the following is/are used to indicate direction of displacement?

Which of the following is/are used to indicate direction of displacement?  A. right B. negative C. North D. both A and B E. all of the above Answer: E....