A ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 10 m/s at an angle of 30°. Neglecting air resistance, what is the speed of the ball at landing?

A ball is kicked with an initial velocity of 10 m/s at an angle of 30°. Neglecting air resistance, what is the speed of the ball at landing? 

A. 10 m/s
B. 10 m/s multiplied by the sine of 30 degrees
C. 10 m/s multiplied by the cosine of 30 degrees
D. none of the above


Answer: A. 10 m/s

A ball is tossed vertically upward from a height of 2 m with an initial velocity of 10 m/s. Just before the ball hits the ground, its velocity will be what?

A ball is tossed vertically upward from a height of 2 m with an initial velocity of 10 m/s. Just before the ball hits the ground, its velocity will be what? 

A. 10 m/s
B. less than 10 m/s
C. greater than 10 m/s
D. not possible to predict


Answer: C. greater than 10 m/s

Which of the following factors typically exerts the most influence on the horizontal displacement obtained by a projectile?

Which of the following factors typically exerts the most influence on the horizontal displacement obtained by a projectile? 

A. projection angle
B. relative height of projection
C. initial speed of projection
D. initial acceleration of projection


Answer: C. initial speed of projection

When a long jump performance is analyzed, which of the following is likely to be of the most interest?

When a long jump performance is analyzed, which of the following is likely to be of the most interest? 

A. the average velocity of the jumper during the run-up
B. the instantaneous velocity of the jumper at takeoff
C. the average velocity of the jumper during the flight
D. the instantaneous velocity of the jumper at landing


Answer: B. the instantaneous velocity of the jumper at takeoff

What is the average velocity of a cyclist who covers 5 miles in 30 minutes?

What is the average velocity of a cyclist who covers 5 miles in 30 minutes? 

A. 5 mi/hr
B. 10 mi/hr
C. 30 mi/hr
D. 60 mi/hr


Answer: B. 10 mi/hr

Which of the following statements is true regarding objects projected from the same level as they land?

Which of the following statements is true regarding objects projected from the same level as they land? 

A. time up and time down are equal
B. angle of decent is equal to angle of takeoff
C. both A and B
D. all of the above


Answer: C. both A and B

Which of the following affects the time that a horizontally projected object remains in the air?

Which of the following affects the time that a horizontally projected object remains in the air? 

A. weight
B. mass
C. projection height
D. all of the above


Answer: C. projection height

Which of the following is an example of projectile motion?

Which of the following is an example of projectile motion? 

A. a badminton shuttlecock during flight
B. a long jumper while in the air
C. both A and B
D. none of the above


Answer: C. both A and B

A ball rolling across a field with an acceleration of -0.5 m/s2 rolls 12.5 m and then comes to a stop after 8 seconds. What was the ball's initial speed?

A ball rolling across a field with an acceleration of -0.5 m/s2 rolls 12.5 m and then comes to a stop after 8 seconds. What was the ball's initial speed? 

A. 4 m/s
B. 16 m/s
C. 12.5 m/s
D. 6.25 m/s


Answer: A. 4 m/s

If the velocity of a sailboat changes from 4 m/s to 2 m/s over a period of time, what is true of the sailboat's acceleration?

If the velocity of a sailboat changes from 4 m/s to 2 m/s over a period of time, what is true of the sailboat's acceleration? 

A. it is positive
B. it is negative
C. it is equal to zero
D. it is equal to 2 knots/hr


Answer: B. it is negative

It takes a swimmer 1 hour to cross a lake that is 1/2 mile wide. What is true of the swimmer's acceleration?

It takes a swimmer 1 hour to cross a lake that is 1/2 mile wide. What is true of the swimmer's acceleration? 

A. it is 1/2 mi/hr
B. it is 1 mi/hr
C. it is equal to velocity squared
D. it cannot be determined from the information given


Answer: D. it cannot be determined from the information given

Once a projectile is airborne, it is affected by which of the following?

Once a projectile is airborne, it is affected by which of the following? 

A. gravity
B. air resistance
C. release velocity
D. both A and B
E. all of the above


Answer: D. both A and B

What factor(s) distinguishes elite sprinters from non-elite performers?

What factor(s) distinguishes elite sprinters from non-elite performers? 

A. stride length
B. stride frequency
C. both A and B
D. none of the above


Answer: B. stride frequency

In a 5K road race, the finish line is also the starting line. What does 5K represent?

In a 5K road race, the finish line is also the starting line. What does 5K represent? 

A. distance
B. displacement
C. speed
D. velocity


Answer: A. distance

Marion Jones changes her velocity from 8 m/s to 11 m/s. Gail Devers changes hers from 7 m/s to 10 m/s. Who has the higher acceleration?

Marion Jones changes her velocity from 8 m/s to 11 m/s. Gail Devers changes hers from 7 m/s to 10 m/s. Who has the higher acceleration? 

A. Marion
B. Gail
C. acceleration equal for both
D. need more information


Answer: D. need more information

When final velocity is larger than initial velocity, the acceleration is what?

When final velocity is larger than initial velocity, the acceleration is what? 

A. zero
B. negative
C. positive
D. average


Answer: C. positive

A runner moving at a velocity of 6 m/s increases the velocity in a 2 s time interval to a rate of 10 m/s. What is the rate of acceleration?

A runner moving at a velocity of 6 m/s increases the velocity in a 2 s time interval to a rate of 10 m/s. What is the rate of acceleration? 

A. 4 m/s2
B. 4 m/s
C. 2 m/s2
D. - 2 m/s2


Answer: C. 2 m/s2

A runner completes 1 full lap around a 400 meter track. What is her displacement?

A runner completes 1 full lap around a 400 meter track. What is her displacement? 

A. 400 meters
B. 400 meters × 2p
C. zero
D. need more information


Answer: C. zero

Which of the following is/are scalar quantity(ies)?

Which of the following is/are scalar quantity(ies)? 

A. distance
B. speed
C. displacement
D. both A and B


Answer: D. both A and B

In sport, which measure is more important or relevant?

In sport, which measure is more important or relevant? 

A. distance
B. displacement
C. depends on the situation
D. none of the above are important


Answer: C. depends on the situation

Which of the following is not a kinematic quantity?

Which of the following is not a kinematic quantity? 

A. distance
B. displacement
C. acceleration
D. force


Answer: D. force

Linear distance traveled per unit of time describes what?

Linear distance traveled per unit of time describes what? 

A. displacement
B. velocity
C. acceleration
D. speed


Answer: D. speed

The Greek letter ? (delta) is used to represent what?

The Greek letter ? (delta) is used to represent what? 

A. time
B. displacement
C. distance
D. change in


Answer: D. change in

If velocity is constant, then acceleration is what?

If velocity is constant, then acceleration is what? 

A. zero
B. constant, but not necessarily zero
C. changing
D. need more information


Answer: A. zero

Vector mechanics apply to which of the following?

Vector mechanics apply to which of the following? 

A. displacement
B. velocity
C. speed
D. both A and B
E. all of the above


Answer: D. both A and B

Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of muscle fatigue?

Which of the following is/are characteristic(s) of muscle fatigue? 

A. reduction in muscle force
B. reduction in shortening velocity
C. prolonged relaxation of motor units between recruitment
D. both A and B
E. all of the above


Answer: E. all of the above

The opposite of muscular endurance is what?

The opposite of muscular endurance is what? 

A. muscular strength
B. muscular fatigability
C. muscular power
D. muscular flexibility


Answer: B. muscular fatigability

During the first 12 weeks of resistance training, strength gains are due primarily to what?

During the first 12 weeks of resistance training, strength gains are due primarily to what? 

A. improved innervation of the muscle
B. increase in cross-sectional area
C. both A and B
D. none of the above


Answer: A. improved innervation of the muscle

The torque of a muscle (rotary component) is greatest in what position?

The torque of a muscle (rotary component) is greatest in what position? 

A. when the moment arm is longest
B. when the muscle insertion is 90° to the bone
C. both A and B
D. position does not affect torque


Answer: C. both A and B

The amount of torque a muscle group can generate at a joint is used to measure what?

The amount of torque a muscle group can generate at a joint is used to measure what? 

A. muscular power
B. muscular endurance
C. muscular strength
D. muscular flexibility


Answer: C. muscular strength

Which of the following is true regarding the stretch-shortening cycle?

Which of the following is true regarding the stretch-shortening cycle? 

A. When a muscle is stretched just prior to contraction, the resulting contraction is more forceful.
B. An eccentric contraction is followed by a concentric contraction.
C. The SSC promotes storage of elastic energy.
D. both A and B
E. all of the above


Answer: E. all of the above

Which of the following likely contributes to the stretch-shortening cycle?

Which of the following likely contributes to the stretch-shortening cycle? 

A. the series elastic component
B. muscle spindle activity
C. both A and B
D. none of the above


Answer: C. both A and B

In human skeletal muscle, force generation capability is highest in which of the following conditions?

In human skeletal muscle, force generation capability is highest in which of the following conditions? 

A. muscle is at resting length
B. muscle is slightly shortened
C. muscle is slightly lengthened
D. muscle length is irrelevant to force production


Answer: C. muscle is slightly lengthened

The force-velocity relationship implies which of the following?

The force-velocity relationship implies which of the following? 

A. It is impossible to move a heavy resistance at a fast speed.
B. It is impossible to move a light load at a slow speed.
C. both A and B
D. none of the above


Answer: D. none of the above

When the wrist is flexed, the finger flexors cannot produce as tight a fist as when the wrist is in a neutral position. This is an example of what?

When the wrist is flexed, the finger flexors cannot produce as tight a fist as when the wrist is in a neutral position. This is an example of what? 

A. active insufficiency
B. passive insufficiency
C. both A and B
D. none of the above


Answer: A. active insufficiency

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of multijoint muscles?

Which of the following is a potential disadvantage of multijoint muscles? 

A. active insufficiency
B. passive insufficiency
C. both A and B
D. none of the above


Answer: C. both A and B

When an opposing torque at a joint is greater than the torque created by a muscle, what type of contraction occurs in that muscle?

When an opposing torque at a joint is greater than the torque created by a muscle, what type of contraction occurs in that muscle? 

A. isometric
B. isotonic
C. concentric
D. eccentric


Answer: D. eccentric

Which of the following is/are characteristic of fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fibers?

Which of the following is/are characteristic of fast-twitch oxidative glycolytic fibers? 

A. Contraction speed is intermediate (faster than type I but slower than type IIB).
B. Fatigue rate is intermediate (faster than type I but slower than type IIB).
C. both A and B
D. none of the above


Answer: B. Fatigue rate is intermediate (faster than type I but slower than type IIB).

Muscle hypertrophy in humans is primarily due to what?

Muscle hypertrophy in humans is primarily due to what? 

A. increase in number of muscle fibers
B. increase in size of muscle fibers
C. both A and B
D. none of the above


Answer: B. increase in size of muscle fibers

A single muscle cell is called what?

A single muscle cell is called what? 

A. fiber
B. neuron
C. unit
D. none of the above


Answer: A. fiber

Which behavioral property of muscle tissue is defined as "the ability to respond to a stimulus"?

Which behavioral property of muscle tissue is defined as "the ability to respond to a stimulus"? 

A. elasticity
B. irritability
C. extensibility
D. contractility


Answer: B. irritability

Which of the following is true regarding the parallel elastic component (PEC) of muscular elasticity?

Which of the following is true regarding the parallel elastic component (PEC) of muscular elasticity? 

A. This component is provided by the muscle membranes.
B. This component provides resistance when a muscle is passively stretched.
C. This is the component primarily responsible for the elasticity of muscle.
D. both A and B
E. all of the above


Answer: D. both A and B

The component force which is parallel to the moving bone and acts to pull the bones together at the joint is called what?

The component force which is parallel to the moving bone and acts to pull the bones together at the joint is called what? 

A. curvilinear force
B. stabilizing force
C. rotary force
D. dislocating force


Answer: B. stabilizing force

During the execution of a pull-up when the chin is over the bar, which force exerted by the biceps brachii is greatest at the elbow?

During the execution of a pull-up when the chin is over the bar, which force exerted by the biceps brachii is greatest at the elbow? 

A. the rotary force
B. the stabilizing force
C. the dislocating force
D. the "pinching" force


Answer: C. the dislocating force

Which of the following terms best describes the rate of torque production at a joint?

Which of the following terms best describes the rate of torque production at a joint?

A. mechanical work
B. muscular power
C. muscular energy output
D. muscular strength


Answer: B. muscular power

Which of the following statements represents the force-velocity relationship for muscle tissue?

Which of the following statements represents the force-velocity relationship for muscle tissue? 

A. contraction is faster when the load is heavier
B. contraction is slower when the load is heavier
C. contraction is slower when the load is lighter
D. the speed of contraction is not affected by the nature of the load


Answer: B. contraction is slower when the load is heavier

Which of the following time periods is termed electromechanical delay?

Which of the following time periods is termed electromechanical delay? 

A. the time required for conduction of the nerve impulse to the neuromuscular junction
B. the time required for the nerve impulse to cross the neuromuscular junction
C. the time required for the muscle to initiate the development of tension after receipt of the nerve impulse
D. the time required for a muscle to reach peak tension after the development of tension is initiated


Answer: C. the time required for the muscle to initiate the development of tension after receipt of the nerve impulse

Which of the following types of strength training is particularly associated with subsequent muscular soreness?

Which of the following types of strength training is particularly associated with subsequent muscular soreness? 

A. concentric
B. eccentric
C. isometric
D. all of the above


Answer: D. all of the above

Which type of muscle could serve as an antagonist of a flexor?

Which type of muscle could serve as an antagonist of a flexor? 

A. abductor
B. adductor
C. extensor
D. rotator


Answer: C. extensor

In which of the following activities do the biceps brachii function as antagonists?

In which of the following activities do the biceps brachii function as antagonists? 

A. straightening the elbow during a push-up
B. straightening the elbow during a pull-up
C. curling a barbell from the floor to waist height
D. both A and B


Answer: A. straightening the elbow during a push-up

Which of the following types of muscle tension is commonly used as a braking mechanism to slow limb movement?

Which of the following types of muscle tension is commonly used as a braking mechanism to slow limb movement? 

A. eccentric
B. isotonic
C. concentric
D. isometric


Answer: A. eccentric

When flexing the elbow, the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis are the three major agonists recruited to perform this movement because all cause flexion at the elbow. However, the biceps also cause supination, an undesired movement. Therefore another muscle acting as a ________, causing ________ must be recruited to prevent the undesired motion.

When flexing the elbow, the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis are the three major agonists recruited to perform this movement because all cause flexion at the elbow. However, the biceps also cause supination, an undesired movement. Therefore another muscle acting as a ________, causing ________ must be recruited to prevent the undesired motion. 

A. stabilizer; extension
B. neutralizer; extension
C. stabilizer; pronation
D. neutralizer; pronation


Answer: D. neutralizer; pronation

During the down phase of a knee extension exercise, what role does the hamstring group play?

During the down phase of a knee extension exercise, what role does the hamstring group play? 

A. agonist
B. antagonist
C. stabilizer
D. neutralizer


Answer: B. antagonist

A muscle directly involved in causing a segment to move is called what?

A muscle directly involved in causing a segment to move is called what?

A. agonist
B. antagonist
C. neutralizer
D. stabilizer


Answer: A. agonist

A contraction in which there is not a change in length is called what?

A contraction in which there is not a change in length is called what? 

A. dynamic
B. isometric
C. concentric
D. isokinetic


Answer: B. isometric

During the kicking and follow-through phases of a punt, the quads are experiencing what type of contraction?

During the kicking and follow-through phases of a punt, the quads are experiencing what type of contraction? 

A. concentric
B. eccentric
C. isometric
D. isokinetic


Answer: A. concentric

What type of muscle contraction is employed by the elbow flexors when slowly lowering your backpack to your desk?

What type of muscle contraction is employed by the elbow flexors when slowly lowering your backpack to your desk? 

A. concentric
B. eccentric
C. isometric
D. isokinetic


Answer: B. eccentric

Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements is true? 

A. When movement is slow, slow twitch fibers are recruited first.
B. When movement is fast, fast twitch fibers are recruited first.
C. Both A and B are true.
D. None of the above are true.


Answer: A. When movement is slow, slow twitch fibers are recruited first.

Which of the following does not characterize a pennate muscle?

Which of the following does not characterize a pennate muscle? 

A. relatively strong
B. fibers parallel to long axis of muscle
C. relatively low range of motion
D. all of the above are true


Answer: B. fibers parallel to long axis of muscle

Which of the following statements is/are true?

Which of the following statements is/are true? 

A. Pennate muscles are capable of producing more tension per unit of cross-sectional area than parallel muscles.
B. Parallel muscles are capable of producing more range of motion than pennate muscles.
C. Both A and B are true.
D. Neither A nor B is true.


Answer: C. Both A and B are true.

Which of the following most accurately describes a motor unit?

Which of the following most accurately describes a motor unit? 

A. a single muscle fiber and a single motor neuron
B. a single motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates
C. a single muscle fiber and several motor neurons
D. none of the above


Answer: B. a single motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates

The elasticity of human skeletal muscle tissue is believed to be due primarily to which of the following?

The elasticity of human skeletal muscle tissue is believed to be due primarily to which of the following? 

A. the parallel elastic component
B. the series elastic component
C. the continuous elastic component
D. the active elastic component


Answer: B. the series elastic component

Where is the series elastic component (SEC) of a muscle found?

Where is the series elastic component (SEC) of a muscle found? 

A. tendons
B. ligaments
C. muscle membrane
D. all of the above


Answer: A. tendons

Which of the following is a unique behavioral property of muscle tissue?

Which of the following is a unique behavioral property of muscle tissue?

A. ability to develop tension
B. extensibility
C. irritability
D. all of the above


Answer: A. ability to develop tension

Which of the following is a behavioral property of muscle tissue?

Which of the following is a behavioral property of muscle tissue? 

A. ability to develop tension
B. extensibility
C. irritability
D. all of the above


Answer: D. all of the above

Describe the size that the effort arm of a muscle usually has and the advantages/disadvantages of this.

Describe the size that the effort arm of a muscle usually has and the advantages/disadvantages of this.

Answer: small effort arm

What is the quantification of the rotational effect of an eccentric force?

What is the quantification of the rotational effect of an eccentric force?

Answer: torque

Which peak can you alter when landing from a jump, passive or active?

Which peak can you alter when landing from a jump, passive or active?

Answer: Forefoot/passive cannot be altered, active can

What is the difference between walking, running and landing from a jump GRF patterns?

What is the difference between walking, running and landing from a jump GRF patterns?

walking - bimodal, two peaks, first peak is passive heel, second is active forefoot, longer time over which it occurs

running - not bimodal, two peaks, first peak is passive heel and second is active forefoot, greater peaks but less time

landing - first is passive forefoot second is active heel

Is running considered a bi-modal pattern? Explain:

Is running considered a bi-modal pattern? Explain:

Answer: No, two peaks are seen as the same phase of running. First peak is passive heel strike, second is active forefoot

Given the same force, how can one produce the greatest range of torque?

Given the same force, how can one produce the greatest range of torque?

Answer: maximizing the distance. fxd = T

Forces of muscle can be resolved into two components, what are they?

Forces of muscle can be resolved into two components, what are they?

Answer: perpendicular (torque) and parallel (stabilizing or dislocating)

Describe the size that the effort arm of a muscle usually has and the advantages/disadvantages of this.

Describe the size that the effort arm of a muscle usually has and the advantages/disadvantages of this.

Answer: small effort arm, provides advantage for increasing range of motion but also a mechanical disadvantage

Describe 1st class, 2nd class and 3rd class levers:

Describe 1st class, 2nd class and 3rd class levers:

Answer:

1st = axis between effort force and resistance force, may act with a mechanical advantage or may not (elbow extension, head extension, see saw)

2nd = resistance is between axis and effort arm, mechanical advantage not as versatile as 1st class lever, push up, wheel barrow, calf raise

3rd = Resistance at end, effort force in middle, mechanical disadvantage (knee extension)

If the knee's biomechanical angle is positive = What does negative angle indicate?

If the knee's biomechanical angle is positive = What does negative angle indicate?

Answer: it is flexed; hyperextension since the knee angle is always positive

What does it mean if a law of cosine angle is 180 degrees?

What does it mean if a law of cosine angle is 180 degrees?

Answer: the joint is in a neutral aligned position

When is a biomechanical angle 0?

When is a biomechanical angle 0?

Answer: In anatomical position

What is the tan hypothesis?

What is the tan hypothesis?

Answer: describes potential trigger mechanisms for preparations prior to contact in animate landing situations

What are the components to a jump and reach test? What is the most important one?

What are the components to a jump and reach test? What is the most important one?

Answer: takeoff height, flight height, reach height and loss height; flight height

What is the difference between calculating time in the air vs jump height in a vertical jump?

What is the difference between calculating time in the air vs jump height in a vertical jump?

Answer: vertical velocity determines jump height but time in the air is determined by gravity

Are rotations in a segment in the clockwise direction regarded as negative or positive?

Are rotations in a segment in the clockwise direction regarded as negative or positive?

Answer: negative

Describe angular motion.

Describe angular motion.

Answer: requires that all parts of interest move through the same angle but do not have the same linear displacement

What is necessary to have angular motion or acceleration?

What is necessary to have angular motion or acceleration?

Answer: centripetal acceleration

What's the difference in the forces determining how high a person jumps vs. how high something is thrown?

What's the difference in the forces determining how high a person jumps vs. how high something is thrown?

Answer: How high a person jumps is only reliant on vertical force, but how high you throw something depends on both vertical velocity and the angle at release

Is an axis of rotation perpendicular or parallel to a plane of motion?

Is an axis of rotation perpendicular or parallel to a plane of motion?

Answer: perpendicular

How are segment angles not reported?

How are segment angles not reported?

A. Angles are reported with respect to a moving segment
B. Angles are reported with the respect to the proximal end of the segment
C. Rotations in the clockwise direction are reported to as positive

How far (radians) does the elbow move from right foot strike to left foot strike?

How far (radians) does the elbow move from right foot strike to left foot strike?

Answer: .8 rads

An object at a constant speed is under __________ motion and (kinetic or kinematic) forces.

An object at a constant speed is under __________ motion and (kinetic or kinematic) forces.

Answer: static; kinetic and kinematic

What is the slowest shutter speed you can have to stop human movement?

What is the slowest shutter speed you can have to stop human movement?

Answer: 1/200s

30 pictures indicates a _________ advance. 60 pictures indicates a _________ advance.

30 pictures indicates a _________ advance.
60 pictures indicates a _________ advance.

Answer: frame, field

If you wanted more depth of field, what adjustments would you make?

If you wanted more depth of field, what adjustments would you make?

Answer: larger f stop (smaller ratio)

If you were experiencing a lot of light while taking a picture, what adjustment would you make?

If you were experiencing a lot of light while taking a picture, what adjustment would you make?

Answer: larger f stop

Which of the following don't belong: Kinetics examines forces, kinetics describes the movement, kinetics examines the effect of forces.

Which of the following don't belong: Kinetics examines forces, kinetics describes the movement, kinetics examines the effect of forces.

Answer: Kinetic describes movement and kinetics examines the effect of forces

What kind of lever has a mechanical disadvantage?

What kind of lever has a mechanical disadvantage?

Answer: 3rd class lever

There are more 2nd class levers in our body than first class levers. True or false?

There are more 2nd class levers in our body than first class levers. True or false?

Answer: false; there are no 2nd class levers in the body

What kind of lever is a calf raise?

What kind of lever is a calf raise?

Answer: complex

Slowing down in the negative direction is an example of _________.

Slowing down in the negative direction is an example of _________.

Answer: positive decceleration

Which gives an instantaneous value for acceleration? The @ method or the between method?

Which gives an instantaneous value for acceleration? The @ method or the between method?

Answer: neither, values approaching instantaneous can only be calculated when delta t is very small/close to zero

Acceleration is the ________ of the ________ - time graph.

Acceleration is the ________ of the ________ - time graph.

Answer: slope; velocity

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Answer: speed is the change in distance over time and it is a scalar quantity, velocity is the change in displacement over time and it is a vector

How is change in position determined?

How is change in position determined?

Answer: (change in x ^2 / change in y ^2) ^1/2

If only a number is listed regarding distance, that is called it's ___________. If that same number received a negative symbol, that would signify what?

If only a number is listed regarding distance, that is called it's ___________. If that same number received a negative symbol, that would signify what?

Answer: magnitude; magnitude and direction = displacement

If you are given acceleration at two separate times, how do you find the velocity between them?

If you are given acceleration at two separate times, how do you find the velocity between them?

Answer: use the trapezoid rule

If the slope of the position time graph is negative, velocity is ____________. If velocity time graph is increasing linearly, what does this mean?

If the slope of the position time graph is negative, velocity is ____________. If velocity time graph is increasing linearly, what does this mean?

Answer: negative; acceleration is constant

If distance is measured then what must be specified?

If distance is measured then what must be specified?

Answer: magnitude

Kinetics is the study of the effects of force. T or F?

Kinetics is the study of the effects of force. T or F?

Answer: F

Why is kinetics important?

Why is kinetics important?

Answer: It helps to identify why injuries occur and how to prevent them and it helps direct conditioning, training and rehabilitation programs

Does kinetics describe a movement?

Does kinetics describe a movement?

Answer: no

How do you find a segment angle?

How do you find a segment angle?

Answer: tan ^-1 (yp-yd)/(xp-xd)

How do you find out the law of cosine angle of the hip, ankle and knee?

How do you find out the law of cosine angle of the hip, ankle and knee?

1) Use sqrt ((Xp-Xd)^2+(Yp-Yd)^2) to find each side of the angle you are looking for.
2) use law of cosine equation cos^-1 (a^2-b^2-c^2)/-2bc)

What is the vertical velocity at peak jump height?

What is the vertical velocity at peak jump height?

Answer: 0

When solving for jump height, what do you use?

When solving for jump height, what do you use?

Answer: vertical velocity

If you are given the resultant velocity and angle of a jump, how do you calculate max height jumped?

If you are given the resultant velocity and angle of a jump, how do you calculate max height jumped?

Answer: resultant v = horizontal velocity/ cos angle 

For the vertec, what was the measurement distance from the blue to white paddles?

For the vertec, what was the measurement distance from the blue to white paddles?

Answer: .5 in

What is the fundamental assumption with measuring time in the air to calculate jump height?

What is the fundamental assumption with measuring time in the air to calculate jump height? 

a. Time up = time down
b. Loss height doesn't affect jump attempt
c. Takeoff heigh > landing height
d. All of the Above
e. none of the above


Answer: e

You are working with a golfer to try and increase angular velocity of the club head just prior to contact with the golf ball. Which of the following suggestions would help increase the tangential velocity of the ball immediately after contact?

You are working with a golfer to try and increase angular velocity of the club head just prior to contact with the golf ball. Which of the following suggestions would help increase the tangential velocity of the ball immediately after contact?

a. Decrease length of swing arc
b. centripetal acceleration at contact should be 0
c. increase the distance from the shoulder to the club head by using a longer club
d. angular acceleration at contact should be maximized e. none of the above


Answer: c

If rear foot angle is positive, the foot is _________, if it is negative, the foot is ___________.

If rear foot angle is positive, the foot is _________, if it is negative, the foot is ___________.

Answer: inverted/pronated; everted/supinated

During the support phase of walking, if the biomechanical angle of the hip is positive the hip is in a ________ position.

During the support phase of walking, if the biomechanical angle of the hip is positive the hip is in a ________ position.

Answer: flexed

Measuring shank angle as a person sits into a chair is an absolute measure of motion. When separately measuring the ankle and foot angle we learn which segment was responsible for the change in shank angle. Which is true and which is false?

Measuring shank angle as a person sits into a chair is an absolute measure of motion. When separately measuring the ankle and foot angle we learn which segment was responsible for the change in shank angle. Which is true and which is false?

Answer: 1 true, 2 false

During the support phase of running, at initial foot ground contact if the biomechanical angle of the rear foot is 0 degrees the foot is in a _________ position.

During the support phase of running, at initial foot ground contact if the biomechanical angle of the rear foot is 0 degrees the foot is in a _________ position.

Answer: neutral

When measure law of cosines joint angle when the segment is in anatomical position the angular measure is 0 degrees. If the biomechanical joint angle equals 180 degrees the joint is extended. Which is true and which is false?

When measure law of cosines joint angle when the segment is in anatomical position the angular measure is 0 degrees. If the biomechanical joint angle equals 180 degrees the joint is extended. Which is true and which is false?

Answer: both false

In running the biomechanical angle at the knee oscillates between?

In running the biomechanical angle at the knee oscillates between?

Answer: 0-80 degrees

When reporting a joint angle using the law of cosines which of the following is true?

When reporting a joint angle using the law of cosines which of the following is true? 

a. Angles are reported with respect to the right horizontal at the distal end of the segment
b. Rotations in the clockwise direction are reported as positive
c. The axis of rotation is defined by an instantaneous center of rotation
d. Depending on the joint measurement direction the value may be greater than 180 deg
e. None of the above


Answer: e

Example of angular motion about an external axis:

Example of angular motion about an external axis:

Answer: child on a see saw

During the support phase of walking, at initial foot-ground contact, if the biomechanical ankle is -10 degrees the ankle is:

During the support phase of walking, at initial foot-ground contact, if the biomechanical ankle is -10 degrees the ankle is:

Answer: plantar flexed

As a golfer examines a shot it is noticed that the putting green is below the current lie of the ball. Assuming air resistance is negligible the optimum angle at which the ball flies off is

As a golfer examines a shot it is noticed that the putting green is below the current lie of the ball. Assuming air resistance is negligible the optimum angle at which the ball flies off is

a. Greater than 45 degrees
b. Less than 45 degrees
c. 45 degrees
d. Both b and c
e. None of the above


Answer: b

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following is true? 

a. Angular kinematics examines the cause of angular motion.
b. The axis of rotation is parallel to the plane of motion
c. If an object has constant angular speed the angular acceleration is 0 .
d. Angular motion requires that an object of interest has the same liner displacement
e. All are flase


Answer: c

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following statements is false? 

a. Looming is the perception of how quickly an object appears to be coming towards someone
b. With negligible air resistance, horizontal velocity at the instant of release is maintained until the object hits the ground
c. If an object reaches peak at .5 s the magnitude of the velocity at .4s and .6s will be the same
d. The factor that determines the height an object reaches is its vertical velocity at takeoff
e. All of the above are true


Answer: e

What factors determine how long a projectile takes to reach its peak?

What factors determine how long a projectile takes to reach its peak? 

I. Horizontal velocity
II. Angle at release
III. Vertical velocity
IV. Resultant velocity


Answer: vertical velocity

Which factors influence a projectiles trajectory? Projection:

Which factors influence a projectiles trajectory? Projection: 

I. speed
II. Angle
III. Velocity
IV. Height


Answer: velocity and height

You are trying to help a person improve their standing horizontal broad jump. What factors are used to calculate how far they jump?

You are trying to help a person improve their standing horizontal broad jump. What factors are used to calculate how far they jump? 

I. Horizontal velocity
II. Vertical velocity
III. Resultant velocity
IV. Gravity
V. Time in the air


Answer: horizontal velocity and time in the air

As a therapist, you are working with a watermelon picker who must toss watermelons weighing approximately 2kg into a train boxcar. The melon travels up 2m, forward 1.5 m and down .5 m. Assuming air resistance is negligible which of the following statements from a projectile motion prospective are true.

As a therapist, you are working with a watermelon picker who must toss watermelons weighing approximately 2kg into a train boxcar. The melon travels up 2m, forward 1.5 m and down .5 m. Assuming air resistance is negligible which of the following statements from a projectile motion prospective are true. 

I. Time up > time down
II. Vertical velocity at release is greater in magnitude than the vertical velocity at contact
III. Horizontal distance the melon travels on the way up is greater than the horizontal distance on the way down
IV. Horizontal velocity at release is greater in magnitude than horizontal velocity at contact

a. II
b. II & III
c. I, II, III
d. III & IV
e. None of the above is correct


Answer: c

At a particular instant in time the horizontal velocity of a person is 7m/s. If the net horizontal impulse applied to the person during that instant was determined to be 5Ns, the magnitude of the horizontal velocity of the person

At a particular instant in time the horizontal velocity of a person is 7m/s. If the net horizontal impulse applied to the person during that instant was determined to be 5Ns, the magnitude of the horizontal velocity of the person

a. Was constant
b. Increased
c. Decreased
d. Was zero
e. Insufficient information is provided


Answer: c

As a consultant working for a manufacturing firm, you are asked to recommend a shoe that would reduce the likelihood that the factory workers will slip if the floor gets wet. At a critical instant in time, the vertical force exerted on the ground by a factory worker is 800N and the horizontal force is 300N. From shoe-floor test, you determine that the coefficient of kinetic friction on the wet floor is 0.7 and the coefficient of static friction is 0.8. Above what force would slip occur?

As a consultant working for a manufacturing firm, you are asked to recommend a shoe that would reduce the likelihood that the factory workers will slip if the floor gets wet. At a critical instant in time, the vertical force exerted on the ground by a factory worker is 800N and the horizontal force is 300N. From shoe-floor test, you determine that the coefficient of kinetic friction on the wet floor is 0.7 and the coefficient of static friction is 0.8. Above what force would slip occur?

a. 240N
b. 300N
c. 640N
d. 800N


Answer: c

Under what conditions is a person most likely to trip?

Under what conditions is a person most likely to trip? 

I. High horizontal force
II. Low horizontal force
III. High vertical force
IV. Low vertical force

a. I, III
b. II, IV
c. II, III
d. II, IV
e. None of the above


Answer: c

Which of the following statements must be true to decrease horizontal velocity during walking?

Which of the following statements must be true to decrease horizontal velocity during walking? 

a. The horizontal velocity is positive and no net horizontal force is applied
b. The net horizontal impulse is positive in the direction you are walking
c. The net vertical impulse is positive in the direction you are walking
d. The sum of the horizontal forces is positive in the direction you are walking
e. None of the above


Answer: e

Factors associated with an object that influences the magnitude of the fluid resistance include:

Factors associated with an object that influences the magnitude of the fluid resistance include: 

I. Density
II. Viscosity
III. Shape


a. I, II
b. I, III
c. II, III
d. I, II, III
e. None of the above


Answer: e

Given the following picture, in which direction will the object move? Arrow on top of the round object curved pointing down. Arrows pointing to the right to the left of the object.

Given the following picture, in which direction will the object move?
Arrow on top of the round object curved pointing down. Arrows pointing to the right to the left of the object. 

a. The object really doesn't move; it's an optical illusion
b. The object will move upward because the pressure will be lower there
c. The object will move upward because the pressure will be higher there
d. The object will move downward because the pressure will be lower there
e. The object will move downward because the pressure will be higher there


Answer: d

In terms of GRF and acceleration, what does it mean when we say a person experiences a period of weighting?

In terms of GRF and acceleration, what does it mean when we say a person experiences a period of weighting? 

a. GRF is less than body weight and acceleration is negative
b. GRF is greater than body weight and acceleration is negative
c. GRF is less than body weight and acceleration is positive
d. GRF is greater than body weight and acceleration is positive
e. None of the above


Answer: d

For the following, consider a foot on a tile floor in the shower. Which of the following is false?

For the following, consider a foot on a tile floor in the shower. Which of the following is false? 

I. If the foot on the tile applies a force and the foot does not move, then the force due to friction is equal to the horizontal force.
II. If the foot on the tile applies a horizontal force and the foot does not move, then the force due to friction is equal to the horizontal force
III. A person of the same weight as another, but with bigger feet, has no advantage in terms of their potential not to slip on the tiles as compared to someone with smaller feet
IV. A person of the same weight as another, but with bigger feet, has an advantage in terms of their potential not to slip on the tile.


a. I, II
b. II, III
c. I, IV
d. II, IV
e. All are true


Answer: d

As a therapist you wish to build up your client's ability to handle larger ground reaction forces. During training, things you would do to increase resultant GRF (horizontal and/or vertical force) experience would be

As a therapist you wish to build up your client's ability to handle larger ground reaction forces. During training, things you would do to increase resultant GRF (horizontal and/or vertical force) experience would be 

a. Progressively increase their gait speed
b. Progressively increase the height their body drops as they go down
c. Progressively increase their step length
d. Provide footwear with less cushion
e. All of the above


Answer: e

With respect to an object passing through a fluid, drag is greater if the object is experiencing turbulent flow rather

With respect to an object passing through a fluid, drag is greater if the object is experiencing turbulent flow rather 

a. Both are true
b. Statement 1 is true, statement 2 is false
c. Statement 1 is false, statement 2 is true
d. Both are false


Answer: c

What factor does not affect the ground reaction force?

What factor does not affect the ground reaction force? 

a. Technique
b. Horizontal velocity
c. Vertical velocity
d. Footwear
e. All of the above affect ground reaction force


Answer: e

The ground reaction force represents the

The ground reaction force represents the 

a. Net velocity of each of the body segments
b. Velocity of the TBCM
c. Position of the TBCM
d. Weight, mass and acceleration of the TBCM
e. None of the above


Answer: d

Friction acts _______ the direction of motion and _______ to the interface between the objects sliding over one another.

Friction acts _______ the direction of motion and _______ to the interface between the objects sliding over one another. 

a. With, perpendicular
b. With, parallel
c. In the direction opposite to, parallel
d. In the direction opposite to, perpendicular
e. None of the above


Answer: c

A person who is a heel strike runner has an advantage over a fore foot (flat foot) striker because

A person who is a heel strike runner has an advantage over a fore foot (flat foot) striker because 

a. They do not experience the passive ground reaction force spike associated with heel contact and therefore suffer fewer injuries
b. They do not stress the Achilles tendon to as great an extent and therefore suffer fewer injuries
c. They experience a lower active peak ground reaction force spike and research has related a reduction in muscular, tendinous, and/or ligamentous injuries
d. Anterior-posterior force are reduced and therefore heel strike runners suffer fewer injuries
e. None of the above


Answer: e

When jumping, which set of forces determine how high (vertical displacement) you jump?

When jumping, which set of forces determine how high (vertical displacement) you jump? 

I. Medial/lateral forces
II. Anterior/Posterior forces
III. Vertical Force


a. II
b. II,III
c. III
d. I,III
e. I,II, III


Answer: c

If the acceleration for the TBCM is 0, then the vertical ground reaction force must be 0. If the vertical ground reaction force is 0, then the acceleration of the TBCM is 0.

If the acceleration for the TBCM is 0, then the vertical ground reaction force must be 0. If the vertical ground reaction force is 0, then the acceleration of the TBCM is 0. 

a. Both are true
b. State 1 is true, statement 2 is false
c. Statement 1 is false, Statement 2 is True
d. Both are false


Answer: d

Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following statements is false? 

a. A body will maintain a state of rest or constant velocity along a straight line unless acted on by an external force that changes the state
b. A force applied to the body causes an acceleration of that body of a magnitude proportional to the force, in the direction of acceleration, and inversely proportional to the body's mass
c. When one body exerts a force on a second, the second body exerts a reaction force that is equal in magnitude and opposite in the direction of the first
d. None of the above statements are true
e. All are true


Answer: e

From landing from a jump there is an initial ______ spike associated with the _______ making contact with the ground and a second _______ spike associated with ______ contact.

From landing from a jump there is an initial ______ spike associated with the _______ making contact with the ground and a second _______ spike associated with ______ contact. 

a. Passive, heel, passive, forefoot
b. Active, heel, passive, forefoot
c. Passive, forefoot, active, heel
d. Active, forefoot, passive, heel
e. None of the above


Answer: c

Kinetics is important because it

Kinetics is important because it

I. Examines forces
II. Examines causes of movement
III. Helps identify why injuries occur and how to prevent them
IV. Helps direct conditioning, training and rehabilitation programs

a. II
b. II, III, IV
c. I, II
d. I, II, III
e. I, II, III, IV


Answer: e

The peak horizontal force on average is _______ in running than in walking. In addition, the time over which the horizontal force acts is ______ in running than in walking.

The peak horizontal force on average is _______ in running than in walking. In addition, the time over which the horizontal force acts is ______ in running than in walking. 

a. greater, longer
b. less, shorter
c. less, longer
d. greater, shorter
e. none of the above


Answer: d

With respect to forces, which of the following is false?

With respect to forces, which of the following is false? 

a. If forces act anywhere along its line of action it will produce a similar effect.
b. The force due to gravity is more at higher elevations than it is at lower elevations.
c. The GRF may change in magnitude, direction and point of application during a contact period.
d. When upside down, the weight vector points in the opposite direction compared to when upright.
e. None of the above is false


Answer: b